Friday, May 6, 2016

Historical Moment :A Sikh Being Honoured In Church By The Archbishop


History was made in the Catholic Church on 22nd April 2012, at Metropolitan Cathedral and Basilica of St. Chad, Birmingham, during a special Mass and Investiture, when Bhai Sahib Bhai Dr. Mohinder Singh Ahluwalia was honored , as Knights of the Pontifical Order of Pope St. Gregory the Great.
The Most Reverend Bernard Longley, Archbishop of Birmingham, invested the internationally known and respected Spiritual Leader and Chairman of GNNSJ, based in the Handsworth area of Birmingham, with one of the Highest Papal Awards.


Bhai Sahib Bhai Dr. Mohinder Singh Ahluwalia, from Guru Nanak Nishkam Sewak Jatha (GNNSJ), Birmingham was awarded a knighthood from the Roman Catholic Church for his outstanding & dedicated work in world religions, inter-faith diversity; for promoting greater harmony and rapport between Roman Catholic & Sikh relations; and for his enthusiastic commitment to working for peace among people of all faiths.
The Order of St. Gregory is normally bestowed on Catholics but in rare cases it is also conferred on non-Catholics in recognition of meritorious service to the Catholic Church and the exceptional example they have set in their communities and country.
More than 120 Sikhs, from Birmingham, London and Leeds; and some who had flown from Kenya and India were present in St. Chad’s Cathedral for this unique and ground-breaking event in inter-faith relations involving the Catholic Church and the Sikh faith.

Link :https://my4ms.wordpress.com/2014/03/31/historical-moment-a-sikh-being-honoured-in-church-by-the-archbishop/

DSGMC Demand : Punjab Chief Minister Capt. Amarinder Singh should also be summoned to the Akal Takht to seek his explanation on tytler.

 Decision on Tytler seeking appointment from Akal Takht Jathedar taken after taking all panthic organisations into confidence, DSGMC President

 New Delhi / 6 May 2016 Under the leadership of President of Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee (DSGMC) Manjit Singh G.K. a delegation today met Shri Akal Takht Jathedar Giani Gurbachan Singh in Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib in connection with appointment sought by Congress leader Jagdish Tytler to meet the Jathedar.

Manjit Singh G.K. informed Jathedar about his role as a perpetrator in 1984 Sikh genocide and a trial going on against him in the court of law. After meeting Jathedar DSGMC President told journalists that Tytler is seeking appointment from Akal Takht Jathedar to clarify his role in the 1984 genocide. G.K. said it seems to be a ploy of Tytler to seek support of Sikhs in the elections of Punjab Vidhan Sabha scheduled in 2017 or an attempt to save his political masters from the embarrassment caused by him due to his name cropping up in the genocide from time to time.

 In the meeting G.K. praised the legal department of DSGMC which has contested the cases against Tytler and other Congress leaders behind the genocide in best possible manner because when the case is being dealt properly the court of law has taken tough stand against Tytler during the last hearing after the facts came to light that he alongwith Abhishek Verma an arms dealer was trying to influence the witnesses in the case against him.

“It raises many questions that former Punjab Chief Minister Capt. Amarinder Singh named Tytler as innocent after which it came to light that Tytler has planned to seek forgiveness”, G.K. told journalists. “Incase Tytler has realised that he had done wrong with Sikhs for which he was seeking forgiveness than the role of Amarinder is doubtful. He demanded that Amarinder should also be summoned to the Akal Takht to seek his explanation on the matter.

DSGMC president who is also president of Akali Dal in Delhi said that during 1984 genocide not only innocent Sikhs were killed but disrespect was shown to Shri Guru Granth Sahib, which has hurt the Sikh sentiments.  

G.K. raised apprehension that incase Tytler gets permission to meet Akal Takht Jathedar it will lead to a mass reaction from Sikhs living across the globe and will also lower the prestige of the Takht. G.K. appealed to Jathedar that any decision on the matter be taken given after taking the entire Sikh panth and panthic organization into confidence. He requested Jathedar that Tytler be asked to speak out names of the Congress leaders who were involved with him in the genocide.

Replying to a question that it has come to light that previous management of the DSGMC which offered siropa to Tytler was trying to arrange a meeting between Akal Takht Jathedar and Jagdish Tytler, G.K. said that all those who offered siropa to Tytler are answerable to Sikh panth and fingers are raised on them.

Akal Takht Jathedar told journalists that he so far has not received any letter from Tytler and incase he get one he will take it to the all five head priests for final decision because on one side Tytler is an accused of genocide and on other side he is facing trial in the court.

Avtar Singh Hit Former President of DSGMC, Mahinder Pal Singh Chadha Senior Vice President of committee, Amarjeet Singh Pappu Joint Secretary, and Gurmeet Singh Meeta, Harvinder Singh K.P.,  Harjinder Singh, Jeet Singh, Gurmeet Singh Lubana and Paramjit Singh Chandok all members, Jaswinder Singh Jolly head legal cell and Parminder Pal Singh spokesman were also present.

With Thanks : Media DSGMC

Wednesday, May 4, 2016

DSGMC Protested Delhi Government's Decision to Introduce Bussiness Courses in Place of A Regional Languages in Schools

By replacing regional languages with business course in schools Delhi government plans to cut ties with culture, traditions


 New Delhi / 4 May, 2016   

The President of Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee (DSGMC) Manjit Singh G.K. today said that the decision of the Delhi government to introduce business course as a sixth subject in class 9th in place of a regional language is well designed plan to break students of the families belonging to different cultural and traditional ethos form the roots which would directly lead to drifting from their religion.

Manjit Singh G.K. also president of the Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) in Delhi alongwith former MLA Harmeet Singh Kalka who is chairman of school education committee of DSGMC while addressing a press conference told the media persons that with the implementation of new decision of 5 April 2016 by which the education department replaced regional languages Punjabi, Sanskrit and Urdu languages with business course the students will lose the chance to learn their mother tongue and teachers teaching these language in all probability will lose their jobs in near future.


DSGMC president said that Delhi CM Arvind Kejriwal has snatched the very basic right of the students to learn their mother tongue and remain connected to their religion. The orders have strangulated education system making it redundant.


“It is a blatant violation of the education act 1968 and 1986 and by linking business subject with CGPA the regional languages had been shown the exit door,” said Manjit Singh G.K. According to him the decision has also taken away the opportunity from the students of class 9th and 10th to earn good CGPA which in the past they used to do by scoring good marks in the regional languages which happens to be their mother tongue and it also used to help them get admissions in good colleges for further studies. Now no student would like to be burdened by regional language as seventh optional subject, G.K. apprehended.



The decision of Delhi government has cut the umbilical cord of the people of Delhi who used to stay connected to their traditions, culture and ethos by studying regional language. The decision would also act adversely for the large number of students aspiring to take civil services examination by preparing in regional languages.


G.K.asked Kejriwal to learn from nations like Israel and China who stay connected to their language and culture and have emerged as strong nations. Without religion and culture a person has no identity and the decision has come as a big blow for the people belonging to different ethnicity and culture. DSGMC threatened to launch a stir in case the Delhi government failed to reverse its order.



DSGMC President questioned that in the absence of knowledge of Punjabi, Urdu and Sanskrit how would young generation learn to recite their religious scriptures. He also raised questions on silence maintained by Sikh and Muslim MLAs on the matter.



On the occasion Mahinder Pal Singh Chadha senior vice president of DSGMC, Amarjeet Singh Pappu Joint secretary and Harvinder Singh K.P., Capt. Inderpreet Singh, Gurvinder pal Singh, Ravel Singh, Jeet Singh, Harjinder Singh all Members of DSGMC and Vikram Singh and Gurdeep Singh both Akali leaders were also present.

With Thanks : Media DSGMC

Tuesday, May 3, 2016

DSGMC on Sikh Kakar Issue : Letter to Haryana Chief Minister

 

Letter to Haryana Chief Minister Manohar Lal Khattar

With Thanks : Media DSGMC

DSGMC invitation to PM Modi to take part in function to commemorate tercentenary of martyrdom of Baba Banda Singh Bahadur


DSGMC invites PM Modi to take part in function to commemorate tercentenary of martyrdom of Baba Banda Singh Bahadur

New Delhi / 3 May 2016
The president of the Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee (DSGMC) Manjit Singh G.K., Member Lok Sabha Prof. Prem Singh Chadumajra and former Rajya Sabha Member Tarlochan Singh today met Prime Minister Narendra Modi and extended him invitation to take part in tercentenary functions to mark Martyrdom day of Baba Banda Singh Bahadur scheduled for 23 June 2016. Manjit Singh G.K. explained in detail the programs to be organised by DGSMC to mark the event.



G.K. informed PM Modi that a statue of Baba Banda Singh Bahadur would be installed in a park built over 7.5 acres in Mehrauli where Baba Banda Singh Bahadur was martyred. DSGMC president also informed that Baba Banda Singh Bahadur established Sikh rule and took revolutionary steps such as giving land rights to the tillers. PM Modi listened to the delegation and assured to take part in the function.



G.K. also suggested Modi to declare 23 June as a government holiday, issue a postage stamp or a currency coin in the name of Baba Banda Singh Bahadur to commemorate the supreme martyrdom. G.K. told PM Modi that Baba Ji is a symbol of supreme sacrifice and courage and if that is recoganised at government level it would be pride for the Sikhs in particular and the nation in general.


DSGMC president who is president of Delhi unit of Akali Dal told PM Modi that the first PM of National democratic alliance government Atal Bihari Vajpayee has unveiled 24 feet tall statue of Maharaja Ranjit Singh inon 21 August 2003. “It our wish that PM Modi to dedicate statue of Banda Bahadur”, G.K. said.
 With Thanks : Media DSGMC

Thursday, April 28, 2016

Career Guidance Fair 2016 : Education Cell, DSGMC


गुरुद्वारा रकाबगंज साहिब में चौथे कैरियर गाईडनेस फेयर की हुई शुरूआत

जी.के. ने बच्चों को बौद्धिक ताकत के बलबूते पर अपना कैरियर चुनने की प्रेरणा दी

मेले की थीम लाईन ’’ जब आप ज्यादा समझोगे तो ज्यादा करोगे ‘‘ की हुई प्रशंसा

नई दिल्ली (28 अप्रैल 2016)ः  दिल्ली सिख गुरुद्वारा प्रबंधक कमेटी द्वारा विद्यार्थियों को अपना कैरियर चुनने में  आसान रास्ता बताने के लिए दो दिवसीय आयोजित किये गये चैथे कैरियर गाईडनेस फेयर के पहले दिन विद्यार्थियों की जोरदार दिलचस्पी नजर आई। गुरुद्वारा रकाबगंज साहिब के भाई लक्खीशाह वणजार हाॅल में  शुरू हुए इस मेले का उद्घाटन कमेटी अध्यक्ष मनजीत सिंह जी.के., इन्दिरा गांधी टैक्नीकल यूनीवर्सिटी आॅफ वूमेन की उपकुलपति डा. नूपुर प्रकाश, राष्ट्रीय अल्पसंख्यक शिक्षण संस्थान आयोग के सदस्य डा. बलतेज सिंह मान, ए.ए.एफ.टी. मारवाह स्टूडीयों के चेयरमैन संदीप मारवाह, केन्द्रीय अल्पसंख्यक मंत्रालय के अण्डर सैक्रेट्री संजय अरोड़ा तथा मैजिक आॅटो के एम.डी. कुलजीत सिंह कोछड़ ने स्कूली शिक्षा परिषद के चेयरमैन तथा पूर्व विधायक हरमीत सिंह कालका की मौजूदगी में किया। 
जी.के. ने इस मेले को लगाने के कारणों पर रौशनी डालते हुए बताया कि हमारे बच्चे अक्सर अपनी काबलियत एवं रूचि तथा अभिभावकों की सलाहों के चक्रव्यूह में फंस कर अपनी अपनी जिन्दगी में बड़ी कामयाबी को प्राप्त करने के लक्ष्य से कई बार वंचित रह जाते थे जिस कारण बच्चों तथा अभिभावकों के दिलों से दुविधा को बाहर निकाल कर देश विदेश के नामी शिक्षण संस्थानों के बारे एक छत के नीचे जानकारी देने के लिए कमेटी द्वारा 2013 से इस मुहिम की शुरूआत की गई थी। जी.के. ने कमेटी की इस कोशिश को शिक्षा का लंगर के रूप में परिभाषित करते हुए विद्यार्थियों को अपनी काबलियत तथा रूचि अनुसार कैरियर चुनने की भी अपील की। 
इस वर्ष मेले में 75 से अधिक स्टालों पर देश विदेश के विश्वविद्यालयों, उच्चशिक्षण संस्थानों, शिक्षा सलाहकारों, बैंको द्वारा शिक्षा ऋण, अल्पसंख्यक कल्याण मंत्रालय द्वारा जानकारी तथा पंजाबी विकास कमेटी द्वारा पंजाबी भाषा में कैरियर बनाने के लिए दी जा रही योग्य सलाहों को अच्छे तरीके से समझने की भी जी.के. ने विद्यार्थियों को ताकीद की। जी.के. ने बताया कि कमेटी की कोशिशों से पहली बार इस मेले में दिल्ली के नामी स्कूल इन्द्रप्रस्था वल्र्ड, सी.आर.पी.एफ., शाह इन्टरनेशनल, पी.पी.इन्टरनेशनल, बोस्को, सेंट थाॅमस, सेंट कोलम्बस, एन.सी.जिन्दल, सिटी स्कूल तथा जे.डी.टाईटलर सहित कई बड़े स्कूलों के आने से मेले का स्तर ऊंचा हो गया है। 
डा. नूपुर प्रकाश ने कमेटी के शिक्षा का लंगर के सैद्धान्तिक विचार की प्रशंसा करते हुए विद्यार्थियों को तकनीकी कोर्सो में दाखिला लेने के लिए भी प्रेरणा की। मान ने दिल्ली कमेटी के प्रयास को आज के समय की आवश्यकता बताते हुए अधिक से अधिक बच्चों तक शिक्षा के लंगर को पहुंचाने की कमेटी को अपील की। कालका ने इस वर्ष कमेटी स्कूलों के ईलावा 43 बड़े पब्लिक स्कूलों द्वारा इस मेले में जरूरी तौर पर शामिल होने के दिये गये भरोसे के कारण 2 दिनों में लगभग 20 हजार बच्चों के मेले में आने की भी आशा जताई। कमेटी द्वारा पटेल चौक तथा केन्द्रीय सचिवालय मैट्रो स्टेशनों से विद्यार्थियों को मेला स्थान तक पहुंचाने तथा ले जाने के लिए मुफ्त बस सेवा उपलब्ध करवाने की भी कालका ने जानकारी दी। कालका ने पहले दिन हजारों बच्चों द्वारा जानकारी लेने के लिए आने को मेले की चढदीकला का प्रतीक बताया। 

वक्ताओं ने मेले की थीम लाईन ‘‘ जब आप ज्यादा समझोगे तो ज्यादा करोगे ‘‘ को बौद्धिक क्रांति का प्रतीक भी बताया। कमेटी द्वारा आये हुए सभी गणमान्य लोगों का भी सम्मान किया गया। इस अवसर पर श्री अकाल तख्त साहिब के पूर्व जत्थेदार भाई जसबीर सिंह रोडे, कमेटी के वरिष्ठ उपाध्यक्ष महिन्द्रपाल सिंह चड्डा, सदस्य कुलमोहन सिंह, तनवंत सिंह ,परमजीत सिंह राणा, परमजीत सिंह चंढोक, चमन सिंह, गुरमीत सिंह लुबाणा, शिरोमणी कमेटी सदस्य गुरमिन्दर सिंह मठारू, अकाली नेता विक्रम सिंह, शिक्षा विभाग के निदेशक कर्नल जसबीर सिंह निर्मल तथा डीन मनिन्दर कौर आदि मौजूद थे।

With Thanks : Media DSMC

Wednesday, April 27, 2016

DSGMC President Slammed Jagdish Tytler's Claim

Tytler saying he saved Sikhs during 1984 Sikh genocide is like mocking at corpses of dead innocent Sikhs butchered in genocide, DSGMC President

New Delhi / 27 – 04 – 2016 The president of the Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee (DSGMC) Manjit Singh G.K. today slammed Congress leader Jagdish Tytler over his remarks that he saved Sikhs during the 1984 Sikhs genocide in which thousands of innocent Sikhs were done to death in a most merciless manner. Manjit Singh G.K. asked Tytler to be ashamed of his claim, as he is one of the main perpetrators of the genocide who unleashed armed and unruly mobs on innocent and hapless Sikhs for no fault of theirs, just after the assassination of then Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.

            “The disgraced leader is now hiding his cruel and criminal acts by saying that he saved Sikhs whereas he actually got them killed”, G.K. said. Two days back Tytler wrote a letter to Shiromami Akali Dal MP in Lok Sabha and Union Minister Harsimrat Kaur Badal telling her that he saved hundreds of Sikhs families during the genocide. “The claims by Tytler of having saved Sikhs are like rubbing salt into their wounds and mocking shamelessly at the corpses of innocent dead Sikhs”, said G.K.


            DSGMC President also said that the Congress is not shameful of its act and is unapologetic, but is hiding its crime by making such ploys. Manjit Singh G.K. said that everyone in Delhi who lived during the days of genocide knows that Congress leaders Sajjan Kumar, HKL Bhagat, Dharam Das Shashtri and Tytler and were charging the mobs to target innocent Sikhs at the behest of their then political master Rajiv Gandhi.

            “For being shielded by the Congress party none of these leaders have been punished by the court of law and the families of those Sikhs butchered in the genocide are waiting for justice even after 32 years of the mass crime”, G.K. said vehemently.  He also said that only a few FIRs have been registered after reports of 11 commissions and committees constituted from time to time to probe Sikh genocide because top Congress leaders Rajiv Gandhi and Arun Nehru were the master minds. 

With Thanks : Media DSGMC


Friday, April 22, 2016

Protest on 'Santa Banta' Movie : DSGMC

 

                                               दिल्ली के सिनेमाघरों ने संता-बंता फिल्म दिखाने से हाथ खींचे


नई दिल्ली (22 अप्रैल 2016)ः हिन्दी फिल्म संता-बंता प्राईवेट लिमिटेड के खिलाफ आज दिल्ली सिख गुरुद्वारा प्रबंधक कमेटी तथा शिरोमणी अकाली दल दिल्ली इकाई द्वारा 5 स्थानों पर प्रदर्शन करने के कारण दिल्ली के सभी सिनेमाघरों से फिल्म को हटा दिया गया। अध्यक्ष मनजीत सिंह जी.के. ने जहां दक्षिणी दिल्ली के नेहरू प्लेस के सत्यम सिनेमा में कमान संभाली वहीं पूर्व कमेटी अध्यक्ष अवतार सिंह हित ने पश्चिमी दिल्ली के सुभाष नगर के मिराज सिनेमा, पूर्व विधायक जतिन्दर सिंह शंटी ने पूर्वी दिल्ली के कड़कड़डूमा के क्राॅस रिवर माॅल तथा दिल्ली कमेटी सदस्य हरदेव सिंह धनोवा, कुलदीप सिंह साहनी तथा गुरविन्दर पाल सिंह के सामूहिक नेतृत्व मंे दक्षिण-पश्चिम दिल्ली के वसंतकुंज के प्रोमेंन्ड माॅल में  प्रदर्शन हुए। 

जी.के. द्वारा कल शाम को प्रदर्शन का ऐलान करने के बाद दिल्ली के ज्यादातर सिनेमाघरों ने देर रात में फिल्म को ना चलाने का फैसला लेते हुए सुबह के एंडवांस बुक हुए सारे शो रद्द कर दिये थे। प्रदर्शनों के बाद दोपहर से दिल्ली के किसी भी सिनेमाहाल में  इस फिल्म का प्रदर्शन ना होने की जानकारी सामने आई है। जी.के. ने कहा कि सिखों को कम अक्ल दिखाने वाली किसी भी फिल्म का दिल्ली में प्रदर्शन रोकने की हमारी जिद्द है और इसके लिए किसी के साथ भी सीधा टकराव लेने को हम तैयार हैं। जी.के. ने 25 सिनेमाघरों द्वारा दिल्ली कमेटी को लिखित में फिल्म ना चलाने के दिये गये भरोसे की भी जानकारी दी। 
ज्यादातर वक्ताओं ने दिल्ली कमेटी द्वारा इस मसले पर लड़ी गई कानूनी लड़ाई की जानकारी संगतों को देते हुए इस मसले पर दिल्ली, फरीदाबाद तथा मुंबई के ईलावा बाकी स्थानों पर संगतों की फिल्म के बारे चुप्पी पर हैरानी भी जताई। इन प्रदर्शनों में पूर्व विधायक हरमीत सिंह कालका, कमेटी के उपाध्यक्ष सतपाल सिंह, धर्मप्रचार कमेटी चेयरमैन परमजीत सिंह राणा, कमेटी सदस्य कुलमोहन सिंह, तनवंत सिंह, हरजिन्दर सिंह, जीत सिंह, गुरमीत सिंह मीता, मनमोहन सिंह, रविन्दर सिंह लवली, जतिन्दरपाल सिंह गोल्डी, दर्शन सिंह, हरविन्दर सिंह के.पी., कैप्टन इन्द्र्रप्रीत सिंह, जसबीर सिंह जस्सी, निगम पार्षद रितु वोहरा, डिम्पल चड्डा, कानूनी विभाग प्रमुख जसविन्दर सिंह जौली, अकाली नेता विक्रम सिंह, जसवंत सिंह बिट्टू, ऐडवोकेट जगमोहन सिंह, पुनप्रीत सिंह तथा बड़ी संख्या में  पार्टी कार्यकर्ता  मौजूद थे।

With Thanks : Media DSGMC



Sahej Path at Gurdwara Singh Sabha, Jheel, Delhi 51 : SikhsIndia

Protest against the release of Santa Banta Pvt Ltd - SikhsIndia

Wednesday, April 20, 2016

Wall of Truth (November 1984 Sikh Carnage Memorial ) would be a symbol of injustice done to the Sikhs :G.K.,DSGMC President

 DSGMC form committee of NRIs to create awareness about November 1984 Sikh Carnage memorial

Wall of Truth would be a symbol of injustice done to the Sikhs : G.K.

New Delhi / 20.4.2016 The Delhi Sikh Gurdwara Management Committee (DSGMC) today announced a committee of Punjab origin NRIs to create awareness and seek support for the November 1984 Sikh Carnage Memorial coming up in the sanctum sanctorum of Gurdwara Sri Rakab Ganj Sahib, New Delhi adjacent to Parliament house.
President of DSGMC Manjit Singh G.K. told the media that several hurdles came in way of building of the Genocide Memorial but it will be completed in record time and it would remind the future generations the trauma and tragedy the Sikhs had gone through when hundreds of innocent Sikhs were done to death mercilessly during the congress party regime in 1984.
            “The fight for justice is going on as even 32 years after the genocide the Sikhs are waiting for justice and the perpetrators of the genocide are roaming in free”, Manjit Singh G.K. told the media.The committee has Harbans Singh Dhillon from New York, USA as Chairman and Mukhtiar Singh from New York, USA as coordinator. Members of the committee are Satnam Singh Virk from New Jersey, USA, Raghbir Singh Subhanpur from New York and Bhai Satpal Singh Khalsa from California,USA.Within four months after taking charge at DSGMC the team led by President Manjit Singh G.K. decided to build a memorial in Gurdwara Sri Rakab Ganj Sahib premises and foundation stone of the memorial was laid on 12 June, 2013.
            Manjit Singh G.K. said that the future generations need to be made aware of the genocide especially children of Sikh families born after 1984. “Genocide is a dark chapter in Sikh history that no Sikh would like to forget it. The memorial would pay tribute to those innocent Sikhs killed in the genocide and it would give Sikh generations the lesson of courage and perseverance to rise in life fighting the odds”, said Manjit Singh G.K.
            He said that like Holocaust Memorial built in Berlin, Germany in 2006 is a reminder of killing of Jews during in Nazi regime the Genocide Memorial will be a reminder of killing and injustice to the innocent Sikhs. The President of DSGMC announced that after completing work of the Genocide Memorial the committee will reconstruct homes of the families of Genocide victims in Tilak Vihar in Delhi which are dilapidated. “We will approach Delhi government to reconstruct the houses and incase it failed the committee for rebuild the houses”, G.K. told. G.K. announced that by November 2016 the genocide memorial would be dedicated to the people and it would have a Wall of Truth with names of all those killed in the genocide inscribed on it. The wall would be a symbol of injustice done to the Sikhs and Rajiv Gandhi Prime Minister of the country is behind it in stalling the justice. 
With Thanks : Media DSGMC